Aging and the Cardiovascular System
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چکیده
T he progressive aging of the population is a phenomenon of our era. Aging is characterized by a progressive organ dysfunction that complicates the maintenance of homeostasis. However, there is no universal definition of senility. Physiological changes occurring with aging do not appear at any definite time. The majority of definitions of aging are based on calendar age. The World Health Organization defines senility as the age of >60 whereas according to most American classifications the borderline between maturity and senility is 65 years. Gerontologists distinguish between 3 subgroups: younger older people (60-74 years), older people (75-85 years) and very old people (>85 years). Due to the fact that a considerable decrease in physical and mental efficiency occurs much more frequently beyond the age of 80, clinicians distinguish between 2 subgroups of older patients: those under and those above that age. According to epidemiologic data, in USA the population of people who are aged above 65 years is expected to increase from 35 million in 2000 to 87 million in 2030, a percentage of 147%. At the same time, the population over the age of 85 years is expected to increase by a percentage of 389%. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increases linearly with age. Indeed, more than 70% of males and females over 75 years of age present some clinically evident CVD. Moreover, CVD constitute the first cause of mortality (roughly amounting to 80%) in individuals over 65 years of age. A knowledge of the physiology of the effect of aging on the structure and function of the cardiovascular system is essential for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of CVD in elders.
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